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ASA MEDIA REGULATION / ADVERTISEMENT

 AS MEDIA STUDIES


The media is regulated in order to protect the public. Such as:

  • IPSO regulates the radio
  • OFCOM regulates the TV
  • ASA regulates advertisements (adverts)
ASA (The Advertising Standards Authority) is UK's regulator of advertising. 


CASE STUDY: BREW YORK Ltd

A tweet from Brew York's Twitter account published a tweet on the 13th of April 2022, stated, "[mango emoji] JUICE [mango emoji] The 2nd beer in The Breakfast Club Pack: JUICE 8% Guava, Papaya and Mango Smoothie Sour. For JUICE we’ve collaborated with Scottish Kings of Sours, @vaultcitybrewing, for a tropical fruit smoothie explosion to get those 5-a-day in and start your day off right! [peach emoji][mango emoji][clock emoji]." The advertisement promoted drinking at breakfast and irresponsibly, encouraged dangerous or excessive drinking.


COMP 1: Development

 AS MEDIA STUDIES

Here is a list of possible film opening names, credits, our production team, actors/characters (cast) and locations for Moonlight Sonata. This blog is written by me (Sharon).


Here are some possible movie titles my group recommended before finalizing 'Moonlight Sonata'.

Possible movie titles
  • Liebestraum
  • Harmony
  • A Reignited Harmony
  • Reignite
  • Perfect Imperfections
  • A Musical Match
  • The First Verse
  • The Duet
  • Two Halves Make a Whole
  • Moonlight Sonata
These titles convey a sense of passion, connoting romance, and also incorporate subtle hints that music will play a role in the film.

The title we eventually settled on is Moonlight Sonata since the word 'moonlight' is frequently associated with love and romance-related concepts, whereas 'sonata' is a song that narrates a storyline. In addition, 'Moonlight Sonata' is a well-known composition by Beethoven, thus, this can draw an audience who are particularly interested in (classical) music.


Here are all the details to whom we give credit.

Credits
The credits include the production and distribution companies, our production team, along with the cast members of Moonlight Sonata.
  • Production Company
    • Regents Media Production
  • Distribution Company
    • 20th Century Studios
  • Production Team
    • Producers: Timothy Sulaeman, Maxi Gehlen, Sharon Tan, Nayana Sumaniaka
    • Director: Timothy Sulaeman
    • Screenwriter: Maxi Gehlen
    • Creative Designer: Sharon Tan
    • Casting Director: Nayana Sumaniaka
  • Cast Members
    • Young Hazel: Timothy Mulia
    • Adolescent Hazel: Matthew Tan
    • Present Hazel: Danny Budiada
    • Harmony: Jasmine May
    • Hazel’s Mother: Hawila Eva
    • Music Teacher: Benjamin Whitaker
    • Extras: Elvina Ryanto, Nicholas Mawardji, Eileen Milano, Charlene Crestella Wijaya, Michelle Darmawan
Note: The casting was done by Nayana in preference based on Moonlight Sonata's characters, e.g. young Hazel as a cheerful toddler, adolescent and present Hazel as someone (quite) mature-looking personality, and Hazel's teacher as a male adult figure with a stern manner.


The following reveals all the locations we filmed in.

Locations
  • Regents Secondary School Bali (Hazel's school)
  • Jalan Belanjong No.14 (Maxi's house)
Moonlight Sonata will be filmed in 2 locations - day 1(10th February 2023) in Hazel's school, and days 2-3 (11-12th February 2023) in Maxi's house. Filming at school eases the cast members, especially Hazel's teacher, present Hazel, and Harmony to simply meet up after school for filming. Additionally, our school also has musical instruments, such as guitars and amplifiers, but primarily the keyboard as our main instrument, to decorate our set in order to conform to a typical music room. 

We have chosen to film the home scenes at Maxi's house since he owns a piano, supported by a cosy environment to give a sensation of a homey atmosphere. Furthermore, his house is quite spacious, hence, we could easily set up our equipment, such as stationary lighting.


Here presents the research and discovery of typefaces, along with developing each of them to comprehend which fits best for our general concept.

Typeface Development

We started the research of typefaces and fonts for our credits and title card by searching "teen romance" on Netflix so we could get a gist of typical romance films' typefaces as Moonlight Sonata itself is a teen romance film. The results are as follows (screenshot taken by Nayana).


We can see that most romance films use a 'handwritten' type-like font to convey a 'childish' romance/personality. Yet, we suppose that wouldn't suit Moonlight Sonata best as our film is a serious, dramatic type of romance. Fonts from movies like "Through My Window", and "Hello, Goodbye, and Everything in Between" are likely to fit in the atmosphere of Moonlight Sonata best since they give a dramatic look - capitalized serif fonts.


We experimented with different typefaces for our title card (Moonlight Sonata) shown as follows. The 'glow' surrounding the title - 'Moonlight Sonata' isn't originally there, however, we suppose it would associate with the word itself better, 'moonlight' - the glow of the moonlight which also adds to the elegance of the name.


IBM Plex Serif.



Source Serif Pro.



Tenor Sans.





Our final typeface for the title card is 'Tenor Sans' with capitalized letters to convey a deeper, more serious, dramatic effect that aligns with the overall atmosphere of the film opening. 


However, with our credits scene, the IBM Plex Serif (without the glow) for the names, and DejaVu Serif for the roles, are shown as follows:







The 3-day filming process is summarised below.

Filming Process

DAY 1 (Friday, 10th February 2023)

We put our time into good use in media studies class by setting up the equipment beforehand to save us time as actual filming will be during dismissal. Including, attaching the video mic (lent by our classmate) and gimbal/stabilizer (rented) onto the camera (owned by Timo) in the media studies classroom, moving the musical instruments from the music room to class 206 (the room used for Hazel's school scenes), as well as transferring other rented equipment (lightings) from Timo's car to room 206.




Setting up the stabilizer and video mic onto the camera (Maxi and Timo in the picture).



Mock shots of Harmony's walking scene to test out the stabilizer, monitor, camera, and video mic with me (Sharon) as the model. 




Moving the rented equipment (lighting) from Timo's car to class 206.



Final setup of Hazel's music class (class 206).


Mock shots with Timo's phone and lighting:


More trial shots of Harmony's walk-in scene with me as the model, but instead, with Timo's phone and the assistance of the handheld lighting.


We also did a practice shot (by Timo) of Hazel (Maxi as the model), with me (Sharon) assisting with the handheld lighting.


The result of the mock shots can be viewed here after some editing done by Timo right after the practice shots were done to give us a gist idea of Moonlight Sonata's end product.


Real shots with cast actors:


Harmony's (Jasmine May) walk-in scene.



Featuring Hazel's music teacher (Benjamin Whitaker).



Featuring Hazel (Danny Budiada) and Hazel's music teacher (Benjamin Whitaker).


All through and through, we took a great variety of shots, trying out different camera angles to see which was best for this particular shot instead of following everything based on the screenplay as we weren't able to realistically visualize the shots, just yet, when creating the screenplay. Hence, with all our cast actors in one set, along with all the props and equipment, we weren't afraid to experiment with the different types of shots and angles since we wanted the best outcome from Moonlight Sonata. We did not rely strictly on what was stated in the screenplay and storyboard.

For instance, we took shots of Hazel's teacher yelling Hazel's name both while sitting down and standing up - this could create a great combination in post-production (editing). Secondly, shots regarding the focus of Hazel's hands playing the piano (this isn't detailed in the screenplay).

By the end of the day, 70 (more or less) shots were taken, all thanks to the cooperation of my team and the actors.



DAY 2 (Saturday, 11th February 2023)

Our target for today is to complete/shoot all scenes featuring young Hazel (Timothy Mulia) and adolescent Hazel (Matthew Tan) with Hazel's mom (Hawila Eva). As we were waiting for the casts to arrive, we reorganized Maxi's living room (e.g. moving the sofas aside) to create more space for the equipment, such as the stationary lighting. Also, the decorations that were initially on top of Maxi's piano were moved away as well and were replaced by trophies (props). Once everyone (the cast) have arrived, they were all given instructions on the acts based on the screenplay (briefing).

Below shows Maxi's living room before and after rearranging:


Before rearranging.



After rearranging.



Young Hazel (Timothy Mulia) playing the piano and Hazel's mom (Hawila Eva) standing beside him.



Adolescent Hazel (Matthew Tan) playing the piano with Hazel's mom (Hawila Eva) standing beside him.


We tried different camera movements and possible editing transitions, such as a tracking shot - the camera moves behind the vase to show the transition between young and adolescent Hazel. Nonetheless, we wouldn't want to risk the lack of shots for post-production (editing), thus, we did several shots in one scene to maximize production/filming. In time, we were able to accomplish all shots featuring young and adolescent Hazel along with Hazel's mom on day 2.



DAY 3 (Sunday, 12th February 2023)

Our goal for today is to simply film all scenes with (present) Hazel (Danny Budiada) and Hazel's mom (Hawila Eva). First things first, we bought baby powder for Hazel's mom's hair (to make it seem grey to convey that she has aged throughout the years). To further develop the mom's character, we decided to add small, rectangular glasses found in Maxi's house to expand on showing that she has aged. As for Hazel, he put on formal wear - a white long-sleeved shirt, long pants, and a watch as if he were going out for a piano competition, which shows that his piano skills are taken more seriously.

Further, we utilised eyedrops to film Hazel's low-angle, close-up shot from the point of view of the piano after being slapped by Hazel's mom in order to show Hazel's crying scene more realistic. 



Me (Sharon) and Nayana applied baby powder to Hazel's mom's hair (Hawila Eva).



Filming of a scene featuring Hazel (Danny Budiada) playing the piano and Hazel's mom (Hawila Eva) standing beside him.


By the end of the day, we were able to complete all scenes featuring Hazel (Danny Budiada) and Hazel's mom (Hawila Eva). 3-days of filming were wrapped, all thanks to the cooperation of cast members, and my team.

COMP 1: (Concept) Development

AS MEDIA STUDIES

Here shows all the formed possible concepts (Lovesick, Moonlight Sonata, Mr Fahrenheit), along with each of their screenplays for my team's film opening, all made by Maxi. The concept we decided on by the end of the day on producing is Moonlight Sonata. 

The primary concept idea Maxi came up with is 'Lovesick'.

STAGE 1: INITIAL CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT


CONCEPT 1

LOVESICK


Note: This initial concept has been inspired by openings such as Whiplash (2014) and The Dark Knight (2008), the Dark Knight specifically led us to making one of the most climatic sequences of the film be put at the very beginning, while Whiplash inspired the confrontational style meeting between the 2 main characters at the very start of the film.


Synopsis

Adam (Arjuna Nakao) is a shell of a man. After a devastating breakup with his girlfriend of 2 years Jess (Jasmine Riadi), it seems like Adam’s life has spiraled into a dark abyss. The hole in his heart creates an unending void, and as he tries to fill that void with a life of debauchery and excess, his life slowly begins to lose meaning. That is until a woman named Alex unexpectedly barges into his life. 

Lovesick is a story of heartbreak, depression, pain, but most importantly; it is a story of how one’s struggles are not forever - it is a story of recovery.

Opening Note

The goal of this opening scene is to introduce the audience to the character of Adam, and to illustrate the effects this initial breakup had on him. This will leave the audience with a conceptual idea in their minds as to the type of man Adam is, but will also try to build sympathy for his character. This opening acts as a precursor as to what's to come in the rest of the movie, as the opening explores the huge hit of sorrow that comes with heartbreak, while the rest of the film explores the ongoing struggles of forgetting someone you’ve loved for so long, even when equally as “great” opportunities may present themselves.



OPENING CREDITS (2 MINUTES TOTAL) - SCREENPLAY

SCENE 1:

SETTING: Empty room in an office building

COSTUME(s): Semi formal - work attire

STORY BOARD & SCRIPT: 

[words in bold are used to convey emphasis, hyphens(-) are used to show where the talent has been cut off]

Shot 1

Scene starts with a close up of Adam’s face and eyes; with sweat running down his face and a nervous expression taking over his being. It is clear he’s done something wrong

Shot 2

Scene cuts to a medium-close up shot from behind of Jess walking frantically down a hallway, while camera tracks her, from behind. Then cuts to a shot of her face, still walking, while camera is still tracking, however more shakily (to convey the unsteady state of mind she is currently in). It's clear she's angry, 

Shot 3

Scene cuts to a medium close up of Jess from behind as she slams open the door to Adam’s room, tracking her as she goes in. Then cuts to a shot of her from inside the room - as she continues to walk towards Adam’s desk, with the camera still tracking her. Shot cuts to a still close up of Adam with his head looking towards the ground, leaning against the side of a wall. Cuts back to over the shoulder shot of Jess, as she yells at Adam.


JESS: 

Who the HELL do you think you are? Firstly, you lie to me, secondly you cheat on me with SARAH  WALKER OF ALL PEOPLE, and NOW you’re saying that YOU’RE the one breaking up with ME?


Cuts to over the shoulder shot of Adam


ADAM:

 Look, Jess, please, let me explain-


Cuts to over the shoulder shot of Jess


JESS: 

No I'm not gonna let you say anything-


[Adam, now screaming]


Cuts to over the shoulder shot of Adam


ADAM: 

NO YOU LISTEN HERE, IM FED UP WITH THIS RELATIONSHIP, YES I DID SLEEP WITH SARAH. YES I ADMIT IT. BUT IT'S NOT LIKE YOU'RE COMPLETELY INNOCENT IN THIS SITUATION TOO, ARE YOU?


Cuts to over the shoulder shot of Jess


JESS: 

Jesus Christ Adam that was MONTHS AGO HAVE WE NOT GONE OVER THIS AGAIN AND AGAIN? [rubs hand over her face in frustration] YOU ARE THE BIGGEST ASSHOLE IVE EVER MET!


Cuts to over the shoulder shot of Adam


ADAM:

 SO I'M THE ASSHOLE NOW? WOW [scoffs sarcastically] I'M THE ASSHOLE? YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND WHAT I'VE BEEN THROUGH JESS YOU JUST DON'T. HOW MANY SLEEPLESS NIGHTS IVE HAD, HOW MANY COUNTLESS TIMES IVE WANTED TO DIE - TO END IT ALL - BECAUSE OF YOUR BULLSHIT?


Cuts to over the shoulder shot of Jess


JESS: 

God please Adam for once in your life WHY CAN'T YOU EVER ADMIT THAT YOU WERE IN THE WRONG?


Cuts to over the shoulder shot of Adam


[Adam, now tearing up]


ADAM: 

BECAUSE I JUST WANT YOU TO UNDERSTAND ME. I WANT YOU TO SEE HOW I FUCKING FEEL DAMNIT-


Cuts to over the shoulder shot of Jess


JESS:

 ALL THIS TIME THATS WHAT IVE BEEN TRYING TO DO BUT YOU ADAM, YOU ARE SUCH AN INSUFFERABLE [pauses], EVIL, [pauses again as tears start to run down her face], JOKE OF A MAN. THAT'S WHAT YOU ARE. I'M THROUGH WITH YOU. I AM THROUGH WITH YOU. NOT THE OTHER WAY AROUND. WE’RE DONE.


Cuts to a full shot where a majority of the office and both Jess and Adam can be seen, as Jess turns her back on Adam and storms out the door. Adam does not move - he is just looking at Jess, as she leaves, sorrowingly, as he wipes the stream of tears off his face.

Then cuts to a close up from a high angle of his face looking up, still while crying, as he yells out, to no one but himself.


ADAM: 

GOD DAMNIT.


--------------------------------------------------END OF SCENE 1-------------------------------------------------------


SCENE 2:

SETTING: Bedroom/House - 1 week later in the morning

COSTUME: 


Shot 1

Scene begins with a close up shot of Adams face as he sleeps. Shot then switches to close up of Adam's alarm ringing, and then switches to a medium close up of him from his bed, lifting his arm up and turning off the alarm. Camera then shows him waking up from bed, from a low angle, from the foot of his bed. He rubs his eyes as he slowly gets out and sits down on the edge of the bed. Shot then cuts to a close up of his face, as he puts his head in his hands.

Shot 2

Adam gets up and begins to walk out of his room. Camera tracks him & pans to reveal bottles of alcohol, cartons of cigarettes, clothes, and more lying around messily in his room. Adam then leaves and shuts the door behind the camera

Shot 3

Shot starts with a medium close up of Adam from the other side of the door. Camera then tracks him as he sluggishly walks to the kitchen and makes a cup of coffee, Adam then turns around and looks down. Shot switches to close up of Adam's face looking down from a low angle. Adam puts his hand on his forehead as he proceeds to mumble to himself.


ADAM:

(regretfully) God… what have I done

Shot 4

Adam picks up his cup coffee and starts to drink it as camera starts to dolly towards him. He then looks down, dissatisfied. After this, a series of jump cuts are used to portray Adam showering, brushing his teeth, clothing himself, and getting ready to go to work.


The second concept idea we came up with is 'Moonlight Sonata', this being the final concept we've compromised on.

CONCEPT 2

MOONLIGHT SONATA


Note: This opening has been influenced by openings from movies like 500 Days of Summer (2009). Specifically, the movie's use of storytelling and hermeneutic code that pull the audience in as to what the main character will do, and what’s going to happen next. The handheld camera scene that portrays the main character when he was a child comes from the movie as well.


Synopsis

Hazel (Danny Budiada) has been captivated by the piano ever since he was 4 years old. What originally started as a burning passion however, slowly turned into a repetitive chore and nothing less than a burden. The blame lies on his mother (Hawila Eva), who took advantage of Hazel's natural talent and used him as a cash grab. Hazel’s life takes a turn however when she meets Harmony (Jasmine Riadi), the girl that had just transferred to Hazel's school, who reignites Hazel's passion for the instrument.


Opening Note

The aim of Moonlight Sonata's opening is to introduce the audience to our 2 main characters, Hazel and Harmony. Hazel's story is told by illustrating his love for the key plot point of the film, the piano. The main conflict can also be interpreted from the opening, which is, how he has lost all passion and joy in playing the instrument he once used to love, and how he will regain it. This hooks the audience in and allows them to speculate whats going to happen in the future with Hazel and Harmony. (hermeneutic code).

The opening features clips from hand recorded videos that Dylan's mom took of him playing piano when he was younger. His joy-filled face slowly regresses as his mom’s greed begins to cloud her vision and tries to turn her son into a piano-playing machine. His passion dies out until a girl named Harmony joins his school's music club, and begins to reignite Hazel's flame.



OPENING CREDITS (2 MINUTES TOTAL) - SCREENPLAY SCENE 1: SETTING: Hazel’s home COSTUME(s): Casual Clothes

SONG USED (plays throughout the entire scene as non diegetic sound): Liebesträume - Franz Liszt (00:00 - 1:04) SCREENPLAY:


Shot 1

Movie starts off with a black screen as non diegetic piano music starts off slow and low, and builds up slowly.
Shot 2

Scene then cuts to footage of a 8 year old Hazel from a handheld camera recorded by his mother of him as a small kid playing piano. Non diegetic piano music continues to play in the background while his mom talks over his playing with positive, reinforcing messages.

Shot 3

Time skip - 3 years later, match cut is used to show Hazel playing the piano, this time it can be seen that there are 4 trophies on his piano - symbolizing his rapid progress. A picture on the wall can be seen of Hazel holding up one of his trophies, with his mom next to him.


Shot 4

Time skip - 3 years later, match cut is used to show Hazel now playing the piano again, this time with a less joyful expression on his face, as we can now see that he has 4 more trophies on his piano, and the picture on the wall now displays both Hazel and his mother holding the trophy together.


Shot 5

Time skip - present day - mothers footage now shows Hazel playing the piano with dozens of trophies on his piano, and the picture on the wall now displays only his mother holding the trophy, with Hazel merely standing behind her.
Shot 6


Cuts to POV shot of Hazel from the point of view of one of the piano keys. Hazels is shown almost in tears and in great fright as his mother screams at him for making a mistake while playing a song.

MOTHER:
Do better! I know you can do better! Play faster or I'll get the ruler Hazel!
--------------------------------------------------------END OF SCENE 1--------------------------------------------------------
SCENE 2: SETTING: Hazel’s School

COSTUME(s): School uniform

SOUND USED: Liebesträume - Franz Liszt (1:04 - 1:15) for shots 7 & 8, [diegetic sound played by Hazel] - (1:50 - 2:20) for shots 13 until 18 [non diegetic sound].

Shot 7

Match cut is used to show Hazel’s face from the same POV shot as shot 6, this time in a different setting, at his school’s music room, on his school’s piano. Hazel’s expression is now just of sorrow, with no tears. He continues to play the piano, with an unfulfilled look on his face.

Shot 8

Cuts to a close up of Hazel playing from the side, he is fully focussed on playing as when the teacher begins to call his name, he isn’t hearing it. TEACHER: Hazel… Hazel [louder] … Hazel [yelling]!

Shot 9

Hazel then jumps back to reality and looks towards the teacher.

Shot 10

Cuts to a medium close up shot of the teacher as she tells Hazel to get back to his seat. TEACHER: Get back to your seat, Hazel.

Shot 11

Cuts to shot of Hazel sitting down at his desk, as he puts his chin on his hand and looks sadly into the distance.

Shot 12

Cuts to a medium close up of the teacher at the front of the classroom, beginning the music club meeting, talking about the club's new member.

TEACHER:

Good morning everyone! Today we have a new student joining our club today!

[teacher waves her hand in a “come in” motion towards Harmony]

Shot 13

Piano music begins to fade back in quietly and builds up throughout the rest of the scene. Cuts to a close up dolly shot of Harmony’s shoes, as she walks inside the classroom, and stops as she reaches the front of the class.

Shot 14

Cuts to a close up shot of Harmony’s neck, up until her mouth, as she begins to introduce herself.

HARMONY:

Hello everyone! My name is Harmony, and it's a pleasure to meet you all! Some things I like to do are reading and uhm… [pause]

Shot 15

Cuts back to a close up shot of Hazel in the same position as before, still staring into the distance, not paying attention to Harmony.

Shot 16

Cuts back to the same shot of harmony as in shot 13, and continues after her pause.

HARMONY:

I love playing piano!

Shot 17

Piano music reaches a crescendo. Cuts to an extreme close up shot of Hazel's eyes as his pupils swing widely towards Harmony, in the front of the class.

Shot 18

Cuts to a black screen. Text displayed: MOONLIGHT SONATA

The third and final concept idea we came up with is 'Mr. Fahrenheit'.

CONCEPT 3

MR. FAHRENHEIT


Note: This opening has been inspired by openings of movies such as Baby Driver (2017), with its fast paced editing, swift cinematography, and heavy use of narrative codes.


Synopsis

Dylan Fahrenheit’s highschool life started out as any other teen’s. After his parents divorced though, everything took a turn for the worse. Dylan now enjoys a life of drug abuse and addiction, as he seems to have lost every single friend he’s ever known. However while contemplating suicide, an unfamiliar face asks him the question he's been yearning for someone to ask him all his life, “How are you?”.


Dylan used to be someone who loved life

Now he has fallen into a deep drug addiction that has ruined his life

He doesn't care about life or anything at all for that matter

But suddenly, a girl comes into his life, he makes him think that it might be worth living after all


Opening Note

Mr. Fahrenheit’s opening is a fast paced opening featuring rapid cuts between shots of Dylan driving his car down the highway at super high speeds, while he's singing his lungs out to the Queen song he's blasting on the speakers. This opening tries to convey Dylan's overall carelessness for life, with subtle hints of his drug addiction being portrayed as well, with pills and syringes lying around the back of his car. He lives his life like he's prepared to die, and that's what we want the audience to feel. Hermeneutic code is applied and hooks the audience in by making them wonder who this character even is, as his name is not revealed, why he's driving down the highway super fast with music blasting, and what led him to this drug addiction. This pushes viewers to continue watching on.

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COMP 1: Research (Film Opening)

AS MEDIA STUDIES

This blog post gives a list of 8 analyses on film openings - researched by me (Sharon).

Ocean's Eleven
2001, Village Roadshow Pictures


Media Language

The opening scene of Ocean's Eleven (2001) delivers a serious tone due to the presence of a now ex-prisoner, along with a dark movie tone. This can be seen from the medium shot from a stable camera position during the interview in the prison. The audience would expect a repeated crime coming from Daniel by the time of his release from prison which can be seen from the sudden cut showing a close-up shot when asked what he would do if released, his expression (a smirk) portrays that he may perhaps already planned another crime. The entire opening scene did not introduce us to what crime Daniel could have possibly done for his eviction, this could develop curiosity within the audience, as theorised by Barthes, the 5 Narrative Codes, specifically the Hermeneutic Code which hooks the audience to continue on watching in order to acknowledge what he actually did. Nonetheless, the scene showing a transformation of his clothes, from a jumpsuit to an elegant suit, also encourages the Hermeneutic Code - "What does he do for a living?" "What could the ring possibly indicate?" "Does he work for someone?"

Representations
It is highly speculated to be a (repeated) crime movie since it conforms to the idea of a crime film; a recorded medium close-up interview scene/session with either an ex/a prisoner, or witness, yet, this man (Daniel Ocean) is certainly a prisoner from its costume of a convict (jumpsuit). In addition to that, breaking the tense atmosphere with beats from a song that is typically played in casinos in Las Vegas. Therefore, the crime that was previously committed by Daniel was a possible offence performed in casinos, such as theft, illegal corruption of machines, or cheating. Nonetheless, the song was played after his release, this could foreshadow his next move - imaginably in casinos again - as he changed back to his fancy wear (suits and rings).

Audience
The target audience for Ocean's Eleven seems like it is more suitable for teenagers to young adults of age ranging from 13-30 with interests in crime, action, thriller, and possibly a hint of a comedic aspect. This can be perceived through the tense atmosphere when Daniel was interviewed regarding his release, however, a comedic aspect could be delivered from Daniel's facial expression (perhaps an empty-headed persona) when asked what he would do after his release with a soft but upbeat beat from a song. Secondly, the audience with an interest in the actor, George Clooney (Daniel Ocean in Ocean's Eleven), may be adults, in this case, as George Clooney was known for his act in the early days, such as Batman & Robin (1997).

Industry
I suppose, there is no CGI used so far in the opening scene as the interrogation room seemed legitimate (e.g. the darkness associates with how the situation is in prison, the sunlight coming through the small windows), as well as the medium close-up shot scene of Daniel coming out from prison - known since the building behind him shows the prison "North Jersey State Prison", or perhaps, the buildings could simply be artificial (props). All these set pieces and stages are significantly high in cost from the production industry.


Wild Child
2008, StudioCanal


Media Language

The bright and colourful movie tone, along with the props involved give an idea to the audience that this text may involve comedy aspects to it. 

Representations
Representations and stereotypes are employed explicitly throughout the opening scene of Wild Child. Firstly, the "dumb blonde" stereotype represents how blonde women are relatively those with lower intelligence. This can be viewed from Poppy's (Emma Roberts) crazy idea of a "perfect Malibu welcome" to her father's girlfriend by dumping her belongings and Poppy herself into the ocean. Her feral, out-of-control persona of a Malibu teenager further supports the "dumb blonde" idea. Additionally, the late 2000s and early 2010s are represented via the fashion choices, such as hipster fashion, long, chunky layered necklaces, tanks over a mini skirt, and wide, layered bracelets which were very popular among teenage girls. Also, items in her room represent the time period, for instance, the journal-like decorations on her calendar, the typography in the movie's title, bright furniture and pillows, and diegetic pop music listened to by her sister (Molly) via cable earphones. 

Audience
The target audience for this media would presumably be teenagers and young adults, ages 15-25. This can be acknowledged from the storyline of a wealthy teenager who is trying to live life to the fullest in Malibu, yet, got sent away to a private school in England, from what I suppose, sounds like an intriguing plot to teenagers since it foreshadows drama further in the movie - building audience's curiosity. Furthermore, fans of Emma Roberts (Poppy in Wild Child) are most likely to view this media text as Emma is best known for her infamous act in American Horror Story (2011), Aquamarine (2006), Holidate (2020), Nancy Drew (2007), and many more. 

Industry
The movie utilises possible CGI in the scene where Poppy jumps off a cliff, or perhaps a stunt double. The film also includes set pieces to complete the set and stages, this assists additional implication that it is the late 2000s and/or early 2010s like bright furniture and room decorations in Poppy's bedroom that were trending then. Also, extra costs were employed due to the presence of a hip-hop song listened to by Molly.


The Parent Trap 
1998,
 Walt Disney Pictures


The opening scene in The Parent Trap (1998) is predominantly a slow, diegetic song about 'love' playing over long-duration scenes of a narrative on a couple's (supposedly) wedding event which give an elegant tone to the opening scene (as it seems to be like a formal event). The narration simply from the long-duration scenes is supported by Barthes' Narrative Codes of proairetic code which depicts the sequencing of events. The long-duration scenes with fades in between the scenes could be due to the director wanting us to enjoy and relish the core memory the man and woman are making. This film's opening can be implied from the romance-type genre as it conforms to the idea of romance based on how it is represented in the media (as theorised by Stuart Hall's Representations theory), where there is a man and a woman present. The elegance, too, is assisted by the application of the ring in a close-up shot, fancy dining with waiters in full white, including white silk gloves, slow-dancing via an overhead shot to show/focus on the couple's movements (dance), candles, gold-plated furniture and doors, along with fireworks shown in a full shot with the couple in the left. The full shot is employed to communicate the actions of the characters while still giving a sight of the scenery (fireworks) to celebrate their 'wedding' supposedly as seen from the white dress worn by the woman and black suit and pants worn by the man.


The Notebook
2004, Gran Via Productions


The opening credit in The Notebook (2004) initially reveals a sunset over a lake which then gives a glimpse of a well-built house by the lakeside - introducing an aged woman who happens to be highly taken care of. This can be presumed from the connotation of the younger woman's dialogue in the house, suggesting to the elder woman to get ready for bed, which brings up the question, 'Does she have any problems, health-wise?' It mostly utilises an establishing shot of the scene of the warm, orange-toned set. The long duration scenes of the scenery of the sunset and a slow motion close shot of the birds, hence, largely give a calming sensation to the audience along with the presence of a slow, melancholic piano song, that being a non-diegetic sound. From this, the movie may be inferred to be a romance (drama) movie. Nonetheless, this provides a hermeneutic code - from Barthes' Narrative codes - as it leaves them wondering about the plot as to what the house could possibly be for. Such as, who could the person on the canoe be? Is the house all hers? Is the man on the canoe related to the elder woman?


Knives Out
2019, MRC


The opening scene from Knives Out (2019) gives a warm tone of the 1980s as delivered by the style of the house, vintage furniture and house decorations, along with a non-diegetic sound (song) of jumpy music. The audience would expect a detective to solve the case of the novelist's death. Additionally, the presence of the horses running away from danger edited in slow motion could connote that they're either running away from danger or looking in the direction of their sense of danger. The application of slow motion is to create suspense for the audience. Next, the short duration cuts of the close-up shots of the objects, mainly books written by novelist/writer Harlan Thrombey in the European house. Therefore, could this movie then be a detective case on the novelist's death? This could bring up hermeneutic code from Barthes' Narrative Codes as the death is left unresolved (so far), hence, the audience would question lots of things throughout the sequence/film, and perhaps, follow along the process of figuring out what really happened to the man.


Fight Club
1999, Fox 2000 Pictures


The credits scene in the action movie Fight Club (1999) gives a cool, blue tone to the setting. Similar to (500) Days of Summer, Fight Club has a narrator. The first half of the opening scene supports the idea of a crime, an action-thriller movie as it delivers a serious atmosphere due to the presence of a man threatening a guy with a gun in his mouth via an extreme closeup shot - a firearm is symbolized as a crime/threat that is bound to happen as theorised by Barthes' Narrative Code of Symbolic Code. The long-duration scenes showing the presence of a gun threatened into a man's mouth in a close-up shot could mean it gives us the time to give ourselves an explanation of how the man feels, involving the movements in his eyes throughout the scene. The quick camera movements show a 'journey' of places along with the narration voiceover which represents each place he is narrating on. Yet, the second half transforms greatly into a laid-back, comedic relief to the audience through a match cut (the head movement). This opposes the general idea of an action-thriller movie as the second half doesn't show any actions or any violent scenes, simply comedy. 



Baby Driver
2017, TriStar Pictures


The opening scene in the action movie Baby Driver (2017) is set in the early 2010s as seen from Apple's iPod in the crowded city of New York. This action movie is based on the act of robbery done by a group of young adults which utilises Barthes' Narrative codes of proairetic (action code) since the action moves the plot along via the car chase sequence shown on a wide angle and overhead shots featuring the numerous police cars running after their car, an upbeat song and diegetic sound (from the iPod), allowing the audience to hang on to the continuance of the crime. Initially, we presumed it would have been a serious movie tone from the fancy costume (suits), however, it subverts, shown by the choices of songs (booming hip-hop, I suppose), fast-paced cuts/clips and how the driver acts subdued, wacky and empty-headed throughout the act of theft, where the audience would greatly expect laughter, possibly more crimes being done, as well as a thrilling sensation out of this film. What I like from this opening scene is how they're able to hook the audience's attention via the exhilarating acts which come from the fast-paced cuts of scenes.


(500) Days of Summer
2009, Dune Entertainment


The opening scene in the romance movie (500) Days of Summer (2009) is narrated, which subverts the traditional style of film, regardless, it conforms to the idea of romance: a man and a woman. As theorized by theorist Stuart Hall, its Representation Theory represents the idea of romance, where there's a man and a woman. Yet, it also subverts as the narrator stated, "this is not a love story, but it's a story about love." This movie would deliver the audience's expectations to look forward to their romance - whether or not they end up together, another person is involved, etc. The growing-up compilation of childhood handheld shots&/videos in the credits scene, and a general idea of both Tom, a tranquil, well-spoken man, and Summer's, a thoughtful woman, childhood beliefs on love delivered by a match cut that gives a heartwarming sensation to the audience - presenting a warm, mellow tone. To add, an animated time jump shown on a day count to the past provides a slow-built storyline as the audience would expect what would happen from day 1 to day 500, hence the name (500) Days of Summer - utilising Barthes' Narrative Codes, the hermeneutic code. I greatly enjoy the opening scene as it conforms to my typical movie genre, however, it wins in creativity and uniqueness through the presence of a narrator that helps fill in the details of the storyline, along with the creatively edited and animated structure of the city together with the count of days. Regardless, I believe with the company of the day count, it may be difficult for some viewers to keep up with the narrative.